Table 4 Stakeholder perspectives and Assessment Criteria across Design and Construction Phases.
From: Optimization of architectural design and construction with integrated BIM and PLM methodologies
Lifecycle Stage | Stakeholders | Current Issues | Concerns | Assessment Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Design | Owner | Inaccurate budgeting, unclear classification, design flaws, and approval delays | Overall project budget and design quality | Quality Cost Duration |
Investors | Budget overruns | Financial monitoring | Cost | |
Design Firms | Single-discipline design, low productivity, significant rework, and material waste | Design quality, efficiency, rework instances, and material waste rate | Quality Waste Duration Cross-collaboration | |
Project Team Members | Poor communication and coordination difficulties | Organizational structure management | Cross-collaboration | |
Government Authorities | Complex approval processes, policy changes, and failure to meet energy use and environmental protection standards | Public management quality, social impact, and energy consumption | Quality Waste Cross-collaboration | |
Construction | Construction Firms | Complex safety management with diverse personnel and machinery, quality control issues, project delays, significant rework, excessive nonproductive time, and material waste | Safety, quality, duration, rework instances, and nonproductive time | Quality Duration Cost Waste |
Project Team Members | Team collaboration issues, unclear task allocation, complex task overlaps, and varying professional skills | Collaboration quality and task guidance | Quality Cross-collaboration | |
Material Suppliers | Inaccurate project quantities or omissions, leading to untimely restocking, and impact of market price fluctuations | Construction material costs, demand, and market price fluctuations | Cost | |
Supervisory Units | Inconsistent construction standards, inadequate on-site management, and insufficient resources on-site affecting project progress | Construction quality and resource supervision | Quality Cross-collaboration | |
Researchers | Disconnection between practice and research and sustainability issues disconnected from theoretical research | Application of theory, material waste rate, and energy consumption | Quality Cross-collaboration Waste | |
Subcontractors | Construction interface disputes, contract disputes, and delays | Contract fulfillment and unclear professional interfaces | Quality Cross-collaboration |
