Table 2 Orthopedic drilling performance.

From: Augmented reality guidance improves accuracy of orthopedic drilling procedures

Predictor

Angular error (α) in °

ANOVA

 

F-value

p-value

 

Guidance technique

Freehand

5.75 ± 3.68 (0.34–19.21)

20.27

 < 0.001

Interaction: p = 0.037

Proprioception

6.86 ± 4.66 (0.00–21.44)

Augmented Reality

3.38 ± 2.19 (0.00–7.85)

Experience level

Student

5.34 ± 3.67 (0.00–15.24)

0.289

0.75

 

Trainee

4.98 ± 3.68 (0.00–20.80)

Expert

5.67 ± 4.38 (0.00–21.44)

Drilling direction

Perpendicular

4.52 ± 2.55 (0.00–11.61)

12.65

 < 0.001

Interaction: p = 0.037

Oblique

6.14 ± 4.80 (0.00–21.44)

  1. Accuracy of orthopedic drilling grouped by guidance technique, experience level and drilling direction (mean ± SD (Min–Max)), with the ANOVA results on the right.
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