Fig. 2

Structural characterization of Pd@HQBI-SPION catalyst. The particle size of Pd@HQBI-SPION catalyst and its morphological structure are presented in (a) SEM and (b) TEM microscope images. The presence of palladium in the structure of the catalyst is approved by (c) elemental EDS analysis. Magnetic properties of Pd@HQBI-SPION catalyst is studied by (d) VSM analysis. The red line represents SPION superparamagnetic properties and the blue line shows that of Pd@HQBI-SPION catalyst.