Table 2  Association between LVEF and risk of cardiovascular outcomes.

From: Association of left ventricular ejection fraction with risk of cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study

Outcome

Number of outcome

Follow up, months

IR, per 1000 person-years

Model 1a

Model 2b

HR(95%CI)

p value

HR(95%CI)

p value

Cardiovascular events

 55–64%

634

1,130,985

6.73

Ref

 

Ref

 

 < 55%

522

686,546

9.12

1.14(1.02,1.28)

0.027

1.15(1.02,1.30)

0.020

 ≥ 65%

73

99,032

8.85

1.39(1.09,1.78)

0.007

1.34(1.05,1.72)

0.018

Heart failure

 55–64%

54

1,130,985

0.57

Ref

 

Ref

 

 < 55%

68

686,546

1.19

1.73(1.20,2.48)

0.003

1.69(1.17,2.43)

0.005

 ≥ 65%

7

99,032

0.85

1.53(0.69,3.36)

0.293

1.37(0.62,3.02)

0.439

Atrial fibrillation and flutter

 55–64%

223

1,130,985

2.37

Ref

 

Ref

 

 < 55%

195

686,546

3.41

1.20(0.99,1.46)

0.069

1.21(1.00,1.48)

0.052

 ≥ 65%

28

99,032

3.39

1.50(1.01,2.23)

0.043

1.46(0.98,2.17)

0.061

Ischemic heart diseases

 55–64%

320

1,130,985

3.40

Ref

 

Ref

 

 < 55%

248

686,546

4.33

1.06(0.90,1.25)

0.492

1.07(0.90,1.27)

0.434

 ≥ 65%

42

99,032

5.09

1.63(1.18,2.25)

0.003

1.56(1.13,2.15)

0.008

Myocardial infarction

 5–64%

114

1,130,985

1.21

Ref

 

Ref

 

 < 55%

99

686,546

1.73

1.16(0.88,1.52)

0.291

1.18(0.90,1.55)

0.230

 ≥ 65%

16

99,032

1.94

1.79(1.06,3.03)

0.029

1.70(1.00,2.88)

0.050

  1. aModel 1 included age and sex as covariates; bModel 2 included age, sex, ethnic background, education, townsend deprivation index, BMI, heart rate, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake and comorbidities as covariates.
  2. Significant values are in [bold].
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