Table 1 Relationship between socio-demographic, physical, and psychological factors and dog ownership.
Variable | Dog ownership | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Always (n = 1622) | sometimes (n = 1376) | No ownership (n = 12242) | ||
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||
Age | P < 0.001 | |||
mean (SD) | 41.2 (20.4) | 38.5 (21.3) | 45.4 (22.0) | |
Sex (% female) | 53.3 | 53.0 | 51.9 | P = 0.493 |
Birth order (% siblings) | 86.2 | 88.0 | 87.0 | P = 0.416 |
Household members | P < 0.001 | |||
mean (SD) | 3.2 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.4) | 2.7 (1.3) | |
House type (%) | P < 0.001 | |||
Owner | 70.3 | 56.3 | 54.2 | |
Main tenant | 28.7 | 42.7 | 44.1 | |
Sub-tenant | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.5 | |
Education (%) | P < 0.001 | |||
In school | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | |
Primary education | 3.6 | 3.9 | 2.3 | |
Lower secondary education | 9.4 | 11.0 | 9.4 | |
Upper secondary education | 52.2 | 56.2 | 49.4 | |
Post-secondary non-tertiary education | 7.1 | 5.9 | 6.3 | |
Short-cycle tertiary education | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.7 | |
Bachelors or equivalent level | 16.4 | 12.2 | 19.1 | |
Masters or equivalent level | 5.6 | 5.6 | 8.1 | |
Doctoral or equivalent level | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | |
Annual post-government equivalised income (EUR) | P < 0.001 | |||
mean (SD) | 24,173 (15501) | 21,398 (12176) | 23,811 (16792) | |
Employment status (% yes) | 65.4 | 65.9 | 57.3 | P < 0.001 |
Smoking status (% yes) | 28.9 | 34.0 | 22.4 | P < 0.001 |
Drinking status (% yes) | P = 0.090 | |||
Everyday | 7.5 | 8.4 | 8.2 | |
4–6 times a week | 9.3 | 7.7 | 7.9 | |
2–3 times a week | 19.4 | 17.2 | 19.7 | |
2–4 times a month | 22.4 | 21.0 | 23.5 | |
Less than once a month | 23.0 | 26.3 | 22.7 | P = 0.329 |
Never | 18.3 | 19.5 | 18.1 | |
PHYSICAL VARIABLES | ||||
Stroke (Yes %) | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | P = 0.911 |
High blood pressure (Yes %) | 24.2 | 23.1 | 26.3 | P = 0.033 |
Diabetes (Yes %) | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8.1 | P = 0.323 |
Cancer (Yes %) | 4.3 | 3.8 | 4.8 | P = 0.268 |
Psychiatric problems (Yes %) | 7.4 | 6.8 | 6.2 | P = 0.272 |
Arthritis (Yes %) | 17.8 | 17.6 | 20.6 | P = 0.008 |
Disability (Yes %) | 13.7 | 13.8 | 13.4 | P = 0.928 |
PCS (score) | P = 0.756 | |||
mean | 49.0 | 48.7 | 48.8 | |
SE | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | |
PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES | ||||
Satisfaction with health | P = 0.225 | |||
mean (SD) | 6.5 (2.3) | 6.5 (2.2) | 6.6 (2.2) | |
Self-rated health (%) | P = 0.075 | |||
Excellent | 8.7 | 9.2 | 9.0 | |
Very good | 40.6 | 40.1 | 40.0 | |
Good | 33.5 | 31.5 | 34.3 | |
Fair | 12.6 | 14.9 | 13.6 | |
Poor | 4.7 | 4.3 | 3.2 | |
MCS (score) | P = 0.002 | |||
mean (SD) | 49.9 (9.8) | 49.6 (10.0) | 50.5 (9.8) | |
