Table 3 Causal relationship of dog ownership with physical activity on weekdays or weekends.
Physical activity on weekdays | Physical activity on weekends | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model-1 | Model-2 | Model-1 | Model-2 | |||||||||
Coefficient | SE | P-value | Coefficient | SE | P-value | Coefficient | SE | P-value | Coefficient | SE | P-value | |
Sometimes dog ownership | − 5.591 | 3.874 | 0.149 | − 10.988 | 10.143 | 0.279 | − 2.815 | 3.291 | 0.392 | − 0.4736 | 5.819 | 0.416 |
Always dog ownership | − 0.575 | 0.225 | 0.011 | − 1.000 | 0.339 | 0.003 | − 0.169 | 0.257 | 0.511 | − 0.393 | 0.355 | 0.268 |
Source: SOEPv38eu. SE, Standard Error. Reference group was non-dog ownership. Instrumental variables with birth order as third variable were run in Model-1: follow-up year, age, sex, household members, and equivalised income. Model-2 added house type, education, employ status, smoking habit, drinking habit, disability, satisfaction with health, self-rated health, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, psychiatric problems, arthritis, Physical Component ScaleS, and Mental Component Scale. | ||||||||||||
