Fig. 3
From: Kinematic signature of high risk labored breathing revealed by novel signal analysis
Labored breathing phenotype improved model discrimination for critical illness. Multi-dimensional analysis of respiratory kinematics revealed a signature of labored breathing that was associated the severity of illness. The statistical significance of this association was demonstrated by Poisson and logistic regression. The clinical significance of that association is conveyed by this figure. Of the 582 recordings, 20% belonged to patients who required critical care hospitalization. When we used respiratory rate as the sole respiratory kinematic physiomarker (which is the prevailing clinical standard), tachypnea (respiratory rateāā„ā20 breaths per minute) was associated with a 1.5-fold rise in risk of critical illness (24% v/s 16%). Arguably, this is classification alone is clinically useful and affirms the validity of the kinematics-derived respiratory rate. Importantly, however, the classification improved when the low-risk (non-tachypneic) recordings were further separated based on the presence of the labored breathing. More than one fifth of the 242 non-tachypneic recordings contained the labored breathing phenotype. These recordings were associated with a 3-fold rise in risk of critical illness when compared to the non-tachypneic non-labored recordings (34% v/s 11%).
