Fig. 3
The signature of ENSO on the decline of the Andean snow is not apparent. (a) Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies during the El Niño Godzilla event (June 2015 – May 2016). The two main Niño regions currently monitored by NOAA’s CPC, the Niño 1 + 2 Region (right in front of the western coast of Peru; 0–10°S, 90°W–80°W) and the Niño 3.4 Region (in the tropical central Pacific; 5°N-5°S, 170°W–120°W), are shown in the plot. (b) Weekly anomalies of the sea surface temperature (SST) in two important Niño regions. The dotted rectangular box in the upper panel highlights the 2015 El Niño event, often referred to as El Niño Godzilla. The SST shows no significant trend in these two important Niño regions. SST anomalies in (a) come from the ERA5 dataset produced by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)48 available at https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5. Weekly SST anomalies in (b) come from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) available at https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/wksst8110.for. Plots were generated using Python’s Matplotlib library49, version 3.4.3, https://matplotlib.org/3.4.3/contents.html.
