Table 7 Construction and validation of PLSR, RR, SVM and RF models based on color values.
Indicators to be predicted | PLSR | RR | SVM | RF | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Train set | Validation set | Train set | Validation set | Train set | Validation set | Train set | Validation set | |||||||||||||
R 2 | RMSET | R 2 | RMSEV | RPD | R 2 | RMSET | R 2 | RMSEV | RPD | R 2 | RMSET | R 2 | RMSEV | RPD | R 2 | RMSET | R 2 | RMSEV | RPD | |
Moisture content | 0.87 | 9.11 | 0.86 | 9.64 | 2.68 | 0.87 | 9.19 | 0.86 | 9.3 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 8.01 | 0.89 | 8.53 | 3.03 | 0.98 | 3.81 | 0.94 | 6.13 | 4.22 |
Lutein content | 0.78 | 22.41 | 0.79 | 20.94 | 2.17 | 0.78 | 22.48 | 0.8 | 20.51 | 2.21 | 0.76 | 23.42 | 0.77 | 21.54 | 2.11 | 0.88 | 16.73 | 0.75 | 22.67 | 2 |
β-Carotene content | 0.75 | 11.75 | 0.79 | 10.41 | 2.16 | 0.75 | 11.64 | 0.79 | 10.2 | 2.21 | 0.73 | 12.09 | 0.77 | 10.83 | 2.08 | 0.86 | 8.82 | 0.79 | 10.26 | 2.19 |
Neochlorogenic acid content | 0.44 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.37 | 1.34 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.37 | 1.34 | 0.45 | 0.35 | 0.46 | 0.36 | 1.36 | 0.65 | 0.28 | 0.59 | 0.32 | 1.56 |
Caffequinic acid content | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.28 | 0.51 | 1.18 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0.31 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.5 | 1.21 | 0.67 | 0.33 | 0.54 | 0.41 | 1.47 |
Chlorogenic acid content | 0.46 | 2.35 | 0.39 | 2.62 | 1.28 | 0.45 | 2.35 | 0.39 | 2.61 | 1.28 | 0.5 | 2.26 | 0.44 | 2.5 | 1.34 | 0.88 | 1.11 | 0.66 | 1.94 | 1.72 |
Scopoletin content | 0.46 | 0.06 | 0.44 | 0.06 | 1.33 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 0.44 | 0.06 | 1.33 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 0.36 | 0.07 | 1.25 | 0.77 | 0.04 | 0.66 | 0.05 | 1.71 |
Rutin content | 0.44 | 1.89 | 0.31 | 1.76 | 1.2 | 0.44 | 1.89 | 0.31 | 1.75 | 1.21 | 0.47 | 1.84 | 0.36 | 1.7 | 1.25 | 0.62 | 1.55 | 0.43 | 1.6 | 1.32 |
Kaempferol glycoside content | 0.18 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 1.16 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 1.19 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.24 | 1.25 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 1.14 |
Total polyphenols content | 0.49 | 4.44 | 0.42 | 4.65 | 1.31 | 0.49 | 4.45 | 0.42 | 4.65 | 1.31 | 0.51 | 4.35 | 0.46 | 4.48 | 1.36 | 0.87 | 2.29 | 0.69 | 3.43 | 1.78 |
Nicotine content | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 1.21 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.34 | 0.46 | 1.23 | 0.51 | 0.43 | 0.4 | 0.44 | 1.29 | 0.84 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 1.34 |
Total nitrogen content’ | 0.48 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.16 | 1.24 | 0.48 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.16 | 1.24 | 0.84 | 0.08 | 0.4 | 0.16 | 1.29 | 0.64 | 0.12 | 0.31 | 0.17 | 1.21 |
Reducing sugar content | 0.75 | 3.13 | 0.74 | 3.24 | 1.96 | 0.75 | 3.13 | 0.74 | 3.24 | 1.96 | 0.97 | 1.16 | 0.84 | 2.58 | 2.46 | 0.97 | 1.14 | 0.91 | 1.92 | 3.31 |
Total sugar content | 0.8 | 4.15 | 0.8 | 4.19 | 2.25 | 0.8 | 4.16 | 0.8 | 4.18 | 2.26 | 0.98 | 1.2 | 0.82 | 3.98 | 2.37 | 0.96 | 1.86 | 0.93 | 2.5 | 3.77 |
Starch content | 0.88 | 3.2 | 0.85 | 3.6 | 2.61 | 0.92 | 2.67 | 0.9 | 2.98 | 3.15 | 0.89 | 3.12 | 0.85 | 3.59 | 2.62 | 0.97 | 1.68 | 0.92 | 2.64 | 3.57 |
Asp | 0.48 | 0.07 | 0.67 | 0.06 | 1.74 | 0.61 | 0.06 | 0.55 | 0.07 | 1.48 | 0.58 | 0.06 | 0.74 | 0.05 | 1.95 | 0.89 | 0.03 | 0.78 | 0.05 | 2.12 |
Thr | 0.57 | 0.04 | 0.59 | 0.04 | 1.56 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 1.50 | -0.49 | 0.07 | -0.46 | 0.07 | 0.83 | 0.71 | 0.03 | 0.77 | 0.03 | 2.07 |
Ser | 0.74 | 0.04 | 0.77 | 0.04 | 2.10 | 0.78 | 0.04 | 0.78 | 0.04 | 2.13 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 0.41 | 0.06 | 1.30 | 0.88 | 0.03 | 0.84 | 0.03 | 2.51 |
Asn | 0.27 | 1.16 | 0.21 | 1.19 | 1.12 | 0.44 | 1.01 | 0.44 | 1.01 | 1.34 | 0.36 | 1.08 | 0.34 | 1.09 | 1.23 | 0.48 | 0.98 | 0.38 | 1.05 | 1.27 |
Glu | 0.40 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.05 | 1.33 | 0.39 | 0.05 | 0.51 | 0.04 | 1.43 | -0.19 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 1.03 | 0.55 | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.05 | 1.30 |
Gly | 0.39 | 0.01 | 0.50 | 0.01 | 1.41 | 0.59 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 1.16 | -8.29 | 0.05 | -21.40 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.57 | 0.01 | 0.59 | 0.01 | 1.56 |
Ala | 0.68 | 0.29 | 0.74 | 0.26 | 1.97 | 0.76 | 0.25 | 0.66 | 0.31 | 1.72 | 0.75 | 0.26 | 0.81 | 0.22 | 2.31 | 0.91 | 0.15 | 0.88 | 0.18 | 2.85 |
Val | 0.48 | 0.07 | 0.44 | 0.08 | 1.34 | 0.52 | 0.07 | 0.44 | 0.07 | 1.34 | 0.43 | 0.07 | 0.48 | 0.07 | 1.38 | 0.70 | 0.05 | 0.51 | 0.07 | 1.42 |
Cys | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 1.22 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 1.39 | -1.61 | 0.06 | -0.74 | 0.06 | 0.76 | 0.94 | 0.01 | 0.43 | 0.04 | 1.32 |
Ile | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 1.07 | 0.20 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 1.09 | -0.78 | 0.04 | -0.72 | 0.04 | 0.76 | 0.34 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 1.10 |
Leu | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 1.05 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 1.07 | -2.00 | 0.05 | -1.78 | 0.05 | 0.60 | 0.34 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 1.04 |
Tyr | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 1.28 | 0.44 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 1.15 | -0.64 | 0.04 | -0.55 | 0.05 | 0.80 | 0.52 | 0.02 | 0.44 | 0.03 | 1.34 |
Phe | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.17 | 1.21 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 0.38 | 0.14 | 1.27 | 0.84 | 0.08 | 0.45 | 0.15 | 1.35 | 0.91 | 0.06 | 0.61 | 0.13 | 1.61 |
β-Ala | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 1.08 | 0.31 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.09 | 1.17 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.08 | 1.15 | 0.67 | 0.06 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 1.21 |
β-AiBA | 0.16 | 0.02 | -0.06 | 0.02 | 0.97 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 1.08 | 0.00 | 0.02 | -0.02 | 0.02 | 0.99 | 0.34 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 1.02 |
γ-ABA | 0.51 | 0.14 | 0.48 | 0.15 | 1.38 | 0.54 | 0.14 | 0.59 | 0.13 | 1.56 | 0.58 | 0.13 | 0.53 | 0.14 | 1.46 | 0.82 | 0.09 | 0.56 | 0.14 | 1.51 |
Trp | 0.59 | 0.10 | 0.58 | 0.11 | 1.55 | 0.65 | 0.10 | 0.59 | 0.10 | 1.56 | 0.65 | 0.10 | 0.65 | 0.10 | 1.69 | 0.94 | 0.04 | 0.69 | 0.09 | 1.80 |
Lys | 0.52 | 0.03 | 0.57 | 0.03 | 1.52 | 0.57 | 0.03 | 0.51 | 0.03 | 1.43 | -0.62 | 0.06 | -0.65 | 0.06 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.02 | 0.63 | 0.03 | 1.65 |
His | 0.49 | 0.08 | 0.48 | 0.08 | 1.38 | 0.57 | 0.08 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 1.45 | 0.58 | 0.07 | 0.57 | 0.08 | 1.53 | 0.93 | 0.03 | 0.71 | 0.06 | 1.85 |
Arg | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 1.08 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 1.04 | -1.52 | 0.03 | -2.64 | 0.03 | 0.52 | 0.31 | 0.02 | 0.26 | 0.01 | 1.16 |
Pro | 0.78 | 1.57 | 0.74 | 1.80 | 1.97 | 0.85 | 1.35 | 0.82 | 1.41 | 2.36 | 0.83 | 1.37 | 0.81 | 1.54 | 2.30 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 1.29 | 2.75 |
Total | 0.76 | 2.28 | 0.70 | 2.64 | 1.84 | 0.76 | 2.29 | 0.70 | 2.64 | 1.84 | 0.75 | 2.30 | 0.70 | 2.65 | 1.83 | 0.91 | 1.37 | 0.74 | 2.49 | 1.95 |
Note: Phe: phenylalanin, Try: tryptophan, Tyr: tyrosine, Asp: aspartic acid, Glu: glutamic acid, Lys: lysine, His: histidine, Arg: arginine, Ala: alanine, Gly: glycine, Ile: isoleucine, Leu: leucine, Val: valine, Thr: threonineand, Ser: serine, Cys: cystine, Asn: asparagine, Pro: proline, β-Ala: β-alanine, β-AiBA: β-Aminoisobutyric acid, γ-ABA: γ-aminobutyric acid. |