Fig. 1

Surface measurements of hair with 18-MEA removed. a XPS spectra of hair. Time refers to the length of time the hair is soaked in the t-butoxide/t-butanol solution to remove 18-MEA. S2p(II) and S2p(IV) represent the disulfide and sulfonate, SO3-, respectively, of the surface of the hair. b Topographical images obtained via AFM (top) and LFM (bottom). c Hair lipid composition after treatment. The lines above the bar graph denote a significant difference (n = 6) calculated via Student’s t test. NS, Not significant; **P < 0.01.