Fig. 3

Chemical formula for the binding of 16-MHA hydrolyzed from PTIS to damaged hair. PTIS, containing four 16-MHA bonds, was separated into 16-MHA under various pH conditions. 16-MHA was bioconjugated to the amine groups of damaged hair through a carbodiimide reaction. This reaction was intended to bioconjugate 16-MHA to the hair surface, which lacks 18-MEA due to disulfide breakage, thereby recovering the physical properties of the hair to those of healthy hair.