Table 1 Prevalence and parasitaemia of haemoparasite infections in repeatedly measured sedge warblers from the River Nida wetlands. For prevalence, the 95% CIs (in brackets) and the number of infected birds (bottom row in each case) are given; Y—Yates correction in Chi-square tests. For parasitaemia in infected birds, the mean, 95% CIs (in brackets) and the range of parasite numbers per 100 microscopic fields (bottom row in each case) are shown. Uninfected individuals (zero levels of parasitaemia) have also been included in the paired-samples sign tests of double-inspected birds. * p < 0.05.

From: Afro-Palaearctic migrant birds rid themselves of haemoparasite infections when breeding in the temperate zone

Infection type

Sample

Prevalence

Parasitaemia (infected)

Change in parasitaemia (all)

First capture

Recapture

χ2

p

First capture

Recapture

Z

p

Haemoproteus

Males

72.4 (62.8–80.7)

71

42.9 (33.1–53.1)

42

17.6

 < 0.0001*

39.9 (23.0–78.5)

1–728

8.5 (5.1–15.0)

1–78

6.4

 < 0.0001*

Females

78.9 (55.4–92.5)

15

47.4 (25.7–68.8)

9

2.8Y

0.093

98.8 (31.6–34.7)

1–916

6.2 (3.1–12.6)

1–22

2.4

0.016*

All

73.5 (64.6–80.9)

86

43.6 (34.6–53.0)

51

21.6

 < 0.0001*

50.2 (29.9–95.1)

1–916

8.1 (5.2–13.7)

1–78

6.9

 < 0.0001*

Lankesterella

Males

19.4 (12.6–28.5)

19

18.4 (11.6–27.5)

18

0.03

0.855

1.8 (1.3–3.4)

1–9

1.8 (1.4–2.3)

1–4

− 0.0

1.0

Females

15.8 (4.4–39.2)

3

10.5 (1.9–31.6)

2

0.0Y

1.0

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

1–2

5.0 (2.0–5.0)

2–8

− 0.5

0.617

All

18.8 (12.6–26.9)

22

17.1 (11.0–25.1)

20

0.1

0.733

1.8 (1.3–3.1)

1–9

2.2 (1.6–3.2)

1–8

0.0

1.0

Plasmodium

Males

10.2 (5.4–17.7)

10

13.3 (7.4–21.3)

13

0.4

0.506

2.4 (1.3–5.1)

1–10

2.2 (1.6–2.8)

1–4

0.8

0.453

Females

0.0

0

5.3 (0.3–25.7)

1

0.0Y

1.0

–

–

2.0 (–)

2–2

–

–

All

8.5 (4.6–15.3)

10

12.0 (7.1–19.1)

14

0.7

0.389

2.4 (1.3–5.2)

1–10

2.4 (1.3–5.2)

1–4

1.0

0.332

Mixed infection

Males

20.4 (13.2–29.5)

20

19.4 (12.6–28.5)

19

0.03

0.858

32.7 (13.0–101.0)

2–360

13.9 (7.5–28.5)

2–79

–

–

Females

10.5 (1.9–31.6)

2

10.5 (1.9–31.6)

2

0.3Y

0.597

73.0 (10.0–136.0)

10–136

11.5 (5.0–11.5)

5–18

–

–

All

18.8 (12.6–26.9)

22

17.9 (11.8–26.0)

21

0.03

0.866

36.4 (16.0–91.5)

2–360

13.7 (7.6–28.0)

2–79

–

–

Total infection

Males (98)

79.6 (70.5–86.8)

78

54.1 (43.9–63.8)

53

14.4

0.0001*

37.1 (21.6–76.4)

1–728

7.9 (5.1–13.6)

1–79

5.6

 < 0.0001*

Females (19)

84.2 (60.8–95.6)

16

52.6 (31.2–74.3)

10

3.0Y

0.081

92.9 (29.2–319.0)

1–916

6.8 (3.3–12.7)

1–22

2.1

0.039*

All (117)

80.3 (71.9–86.9)

94

53.8 (44.4–62.9)

63

18.6

 < 0.0001*

46.6 (28.2–84.8)

1–916

7.7 (5.3–12.7)

1–79

6.1

 < 0.0001*

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