Table 1 The computer-fitted results of impedance spectrum of the steel electrode, which was polarized cathodically for three hours in a CaCl2 brine solution with varying amounts of Casein and Rhamnolipids.

From: Innovative application of green surfactants as eco-friendly scale inhibitors in industrial water systems

Scale inhibitor

Conc.

Rs

Q

n

Rct

% Inhibition

ppm

ohm.cm2

µF

Ohm.cm2

Blank

0

9.15 ± 0.074

149.9 ± 0.836

0.675

2207 ± 25.1

–

Rhamnolipid

50

7.859 ± 0.052

337.7 ± 1.94

0.78

1430 ± 18.6

35.20%

100

4.46 ± 0.195

51 ± 2.28

0.602

419 ± 7.3

81%

200

5.01 ± 0.048

27 ± 3.36

0.729

427 ± 4.9

80.60%

Casein

50

5.91 ± 0.038

613 ± 7.63

0.706

1464 ± 29.2

33.60%

100

6.12 ± 0.042

400 ± 5.38

0.724

1140 ± 16.0

48.30%

200

63.47 ± 0.68

327.6 ± 7.47

0.76

971.6 ± 16.9

56%

300

9.96 ± 0.062

276 ± 4.18

0.767

1130 ± 14.5

48.80%