Table 2 Variable characteristics and results of one-way ANOVA.

From: Network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms with well-being in students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study

Variable

Time 1

Time 2

F(1,1820)

η2

Range

M

SD

95% CI

Range

M

SD

95% CI

LL

UL

LL

UL

Depressive symptoms

0–27

9.14

6.23

8.63

9.64

0–27

10.32

6.54

10.68

9.95

13.42***

0.007

PHQ1 Anhedonia

0–3

1.15

1.00

1.07

1.23

0–3

1.54

1.05

1.48

1.60

56.07***

0.030

PHQ2 Sad Mood

0–3

1.06

1.02

0.98

1.14

0–3

1.42

1.03

1.37

1.48

50.50***

0.027

PHQ3 Sleep

0–3

1.37

1.12

1.24

1.43

0–3

1.26

1.12

1.20

1.32

n.s.

PHQ4 Energy

0–3

1.56

0.99

1.48

1.64

0–3

1.69

1.03

1.64

1.75

6.84**

0.004

PHQ5 Appetite

0–3

1.20

1.04

1.12

1.29

0–3

1.27

1.10

1.20

1.33

n.s.

PHQ6 Guilty

0–3

1.11

1.06

1.03

1.20

0–3

1.13

1.10

1.02

1.19

n.s.

PHQ7 Concentration

0–3

0.92

1.06

0.83

1.00

0–3

1.08

1.06

1.02

1.14

9.34**

0.005

PHQ8 Motor

0–3

0.45

0.77

0.38

0.51

0–3

0.46

0.79

0.42

0.51

n.s.

PHQ9 Suicide ideation

0–3

0.35

0.73

0.29

0.41

0–3

0.46

0.84

0.41

0.51

7.64**

0.004

Anxiety

0–21

8.32

5.32

7.89

8.75

0–21

8.82

5.58

8.51

9.13

n.s.

GAD1 Nervousness

0–3

1.41

0.95

1.33

1.48

0–3

1.47

1.02

1.41

1.53

n.s.

GAD2 Uncontrollable Worrying

0–3

1.21

0.95

1.14

1.29

0–3

1.11

1.00

1.06

1.17

4.09*

0.002

GAD3 Worry too much

0–3

1.32

1.00

1.24

1.40

0–3

1.61

1.01

1.56

1.67

34.36***

0.019

GAD4 Trouble relaxing

0–3

1.31

1.04

1.23

1.40

0–3

1.30

1.06

1.24

1.26

n.s

GAD5 Restlessness

0–3

0.81

0.94

0.73

0.88

0–3

0.82

0.98

0.76

0.87

n.s

GAD6 Irritability

0–3

1.27

0.96

1.20

1.35

0–3

1.44

1.00

1.39

1.50

11.98***

0.007

GAD7 Feeling afraid

0–3

0.98

1.03

0.90

1.06

0–3

1.06

1.07

1.00

1.12

n.s

Perceived Stress

7–33

21.33

4.72

20.95

21.71

0–40

24.43

7.32

24.02

24.84

88.60***

0.046

Satisfaction with Life

5–35

21.79

6.42

21.27

22.30

5–35

20.13

6.53

19.77

20.50

25.79***

0.014

Self-Rated Health

1–5

2.27

0.88

2.20

2.35

1–5

2.37

0.89

2.32

2.42

4.59*

0.003

Physical Activity (min. per week)

0–1260

129.84

155.46

117.29

142.39

0–1260

128.44

150.82

120.01

136.88

n.s

  1. M mean, SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval. Small-sized effects are bolded (0.01–0.06).
  2. *p < 0.05, and ***p < 0.001.
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