Table 3 Performance metrics of machine learning classifiers for brain stroke.
Classifiers name | Accuracy | Precision | Recall | F1-score | AUC | K-fold mean accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K-nearest neighbors (KNN) | 90.05% | 83.42% | 100% | 90.96% | 90.04% | 91.46% |
Random forest (RF) | 98.01% | 96.10% | 100% | 98.05% | 98.00% | 98.16% |
Support vector machine (SVM) | 82.44% | 78.69% | 89.04% | 83.54% | 82.44% | 76.16% |
Bernoulli Naive Bayes (BNB) | 63.79% | 62.22% | 70.41% | 66.06% | 63.79% | 63.86% |
Decision tree (DT) | 97.56% | 95.36% | 100% | 97.62% | 97.56% | 97.54% |
XGBoost (XGB) | 97.22% | 94.74% | 100% | 97.30% | 97.22% | 96.71% |
AdaBoost (ADB) | 86.15% | 83.33% | 90.41% | 86.72% | 86.14% | 83.17% |
Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) | 78.95% | 74.79% | 87.39% | 80.60% | 78.94% | 71.48% |
Proposed method (RF + DT using hard voting ) | 99.30% | 98.71% | 100% | 99.35% | 99.34% | 99.22% |
RF + DT using soft voting | 98.28% | 96.68% | 100% | 98.31% | 98.28% | 98.40% |
RF + KNN using hard voting | 98.69% | 97.46% | 100% | 98.71% | 98.69% | 98.89% |
RF + KNN using soft voting | 95.40% | 91.59% | 100% | 95.61% | 95.40% | 96.12% |
RF + SVM using hard voting | 92.35% | 96.60% | 87.80% | 91.99% | 92.35% | 89.28% |
RF + SVM using soft voting | 95.40% | 91.59% | 100% | 95.61% | 95.40% | 94.95% |
RF + BNB using hard voting | 83.88% | 96.43% | 70.41% | 81.39% | 83.90% | 83.00% |
RF + BNB using soft voting | 95.23% | 91.30% | 100% | 95.45% | 95.22% | 94.78% |
RF + XGB using hard voting | 99.14% | 98.31% | 100% | 99.15% | 99.14% | 99.13% |
RF + XGB using soft voting | 97.94% | 96.05% | 100% | 97.98% | 97.94% | 97.93% |
RF + ADB using hard voting | 93.89% | 97.20% | 90.41% | 93.68% | 93.90% | 92.57% |
RF + ADB using soft voting | 97.90% | 95.98% | 100% | 97.95% | 97.90% | 98.38% |
RF + SGD using hard voting | 91.70% | 95.65% | 87.39% | 91.33% | 91.70% | 83.98% |
RF + SGD using soft voting | 94.61% | 90.29% | 100% | 94.89% | 94.61% | 82.04% |
KNN + SVM using hard voting | 86.49% | 85.58% | 87.80% | 86.68% | 86.49% | 84.56% |
KNN + SVM using soft voting | 90.26% | 83.71% | 100% | 91.13% | 90.25% | 90.73% |
KNN + BNB using hard voting | 78.19% | 83.44% | 70.41% | 76.37% | 78.20% | 78.49% |
KNN + BNB using soft voting | 89.68% | 82.90% | 100% | 90.65% | 89.67% | 90.72% |
KNN + DT using hard voting | 98.52% | 97.13% | 100% | 98.54% | 98.52% | 98.41% |
KNN + DT using soft voting | 98.28% | 96.68% | 100% | 98.31% | 98.28% | 98.07% |
KNN + XGB using hard voting | 98.28% | 96.68% | 100% | 98.31% | 98.28% | 97.75% |
KNN + XGB using soft voting | 94.82% | 90.62% | 100% | 95.08% | 94.81% | 94.65% |
KNN + ADB using hard voting | 90.74% | 89.98% | 91.71% | 90.84% | 90.74% | 88.88% |
KNN + ADB using soft voting | 90.94% | 84.92% | 99.5% | 91.67% | 90.94% | 92.04% |
KNN + SGD using hard voting | 86.45% | 85.61% | 87.67% | 86.63% | 86.45% | 79.89% |
KNN + SGD using soft voting | 89.78% | 83.04% | 100% | 90.73% | 89.77% | 81.22% |
SVM + BNB using hard voting | 72.27% | 77.96% | 63.49% | 69.98% | 72.75% | 69.61% |
SVM + BNB using soft voting | 79.29% | 76.75% | 84.10% | 80.26% | 79.28% | 74.81% |
SVM + DT using hard voting | 92.86% | 95.82% | 89.65% | 92.63% | 92.87% | 89.07% |
SVM + DT using soft voting | 97.53% | 95.30% | 100% | 97.59% | 97.52% | 97.54% |
SVM + XGB using hard voting | 92.18% | 94.44% | 89.65% | 91.98% | 92.18% | 88.02% |
SVM + XGB using soft voting | 94.58% | 91.20% | 98.69% | 94.80% | 94.57% | 94.33% |
SVM + ADB using hard voting | 85.08% | 84.37% | 83.16% | 85.25% | 85.08% | 79.90 |
SVM + ADB using soft voting | 85.15% | 82.03% | 90.06% | 85.86% | 85.15% | 78.59% |
SVM + SGD using hard voting | 80.73% | 79.08% | 83.63% | 81.29% | 80.73% | 72.32% |
SVM + SGD using soft voting | 80.76% | 78.28% | 85.20% | 81.60% | 80.76% | 71.59% |
BNB + DT using hard voting | 84.91% | 95.69% | 73.15% | 82.91% | 84.92% | 82.57% |
BNB + DT using soft voting | 80.49% | 77.38% | 86.23% | 81.56% | 80.48% | 74.79% |
BNB + XGB using hard voting | 81.83% | 94.28% | 67.80% | 78.88% | 81.84% | 81.86% |
BNB + XGB using soft voting | 94.65% | 90.90% | 99.24% | 94.89% | 94.64% | 94.62% |
BNB + ADB using hard voting | 75.38% | 83.66% | 63.15% | 71.97% | 75.39% | 73.62% |
BNB + ADB using soft voting | 73.94% | 74.40% | 73.08% | 77.73% | 73.94% | 73.52% |
BNB + SGD using hard voting | 70.68% | 73.80% | 64.24% | 68.69% | 70.69% | 65.96% |
BNB + SGD using soft voting | 75.11% | 70.59% | 86.16% | 77.60% | 75.10% | 71.46% |
DT + XGB using hard voting | 98.83% | 97.72% | 100% | 98.84% | 98.83% | 98.87% |
DT + XGB using soft voting | 97.53% | 95.30% | 100% | 97.59% | 97.52% | 97.54% |
DT + ADB using hard voting | 93.62% | 96.42% | 90.61% | 93.43% | 93.62% | 92.27% |
DT + ADB using soft voting | 97.53% | 95.30% | 100% | 97.59% | 97.52% | 97.54% |
DT + SGD using hard voting | 92.35% | 95.57% | 88.83% | 92.08% | 92.35% | 83.60% |
DT + SGD using soft voting | 97.66% | 95.54% | 100% | 97.72% | 97.66% | 87.06% |
XGB + ADB using hard voting | 92.52% | 94.54% | 90.27% | 92.36% | 92.52% | 91.13% |
XGB + ADB using soft voting | 96.67% | 93.77% | 100% | 96.78% | 96.67% | 96.63% |
XGB + SGD using hard voting | 91.15% | 93.91% | 88.83% | 91.30 | 91.53% | 82.74% |
XGB + SGD using soft voting | 92.86% | 87.52% | 100% | 93.35% | 92.86% | 70.79% |
ADB + SGD using hard voting | 82.34% | 80.90% | 84.72% | 82.77% | 82.34% | 75.76% |
ADB + SGD using soft voting | 79.49 | 74.21% | 90.47% | 81.54% | 79.48% | 71.51% |
