Table 3 The χ2 test values of the images.

From: A novel 4D chaotic system coupling with dual-memristors and application in image encryption

Images

Goldhill

Baboon

Peppers

Plain

1.5835 × 105

1.8736 × 105

1.2017 × 105

Ciphered

254.5781

272.4023

241.7461