Table 5 Key sensitivity analysis results.

From: A novel 4D chaotic system coupling with dual-memristors and application in image encryption

Indicator

Goldhill

Baboon

Peppers

Theoretical value

x0

 NPCR (%)

99.6075

99.6096

99.6083

99.6094

 UACI (%)

33.4654

33.4630

33.4642

33.4635

 BACI (%)

26.7748

26.7721

26.7779

26.7712

y0

 NPCR (%)

99.6077

99.6001

99.6091

99.6094

 UACI (%)

33.4622

33.4611

33.4565

33.4635

 BACI (%)

26.7719

26.7744

26.7581

26.7712

z0

 NPCR (%)

99.6078

99.6073

99.6099

99.6094

 UACI (%)

33.4599

33.4609

33.4686

33.4635

 BACI (%)

26.7643

26.7763

26.7750

26.7712

w0

 NPCR (%)

99.6074

99.6039

99.6074

99.6094

 UACI (%)

33.4598

33.4676

33.4690

33.4635

 BACI (%)

26.7714

26.7749

26.7707

26.7712

p0

 NPCR (%)

99.6050

99.9077

99.6079

99.6094

 UACI (%)

33.4685

34.4623

33.4680

33.4635

 BACI (%)

26.7809

22.7763

26.7704

26.7712