Table 3 Dimensions of coagulation zone and carbonization zone in the ex vivo porcine liver tissues after various MWA treatments when the cumulative time of microwave output is set to 360 s (n = 4 for each condition).

From: Real-time monitoring of bioelectrical impedance for minimizing tissue carbonization in microwave ablation of porcine liver

Power

Output mode

Group

L1 (mm)

S1 (mm)

L2 (mm)

W2 (mm)

ML1 (mm)

MS1 (mm)

Mean axial ratio

ML2 (mm)

MW2 (mm)

50 W

Continuous output

1

45

26

24

6

45

25.5

0.567

24

6.25

2

46

26

25

7

3

44

25

24

6

4

45

25

23

6

electrical impedance control

1

45

32

15

4

44.25

31.25

0.706

14.25

4

2

44

32

15

5

3

44

30

12

3

4

44

31

15

4

60 W

Continuous output

1

50

31

31

6

50.25

31.75

0.632

31

6.5

2

52

33

32

7

3

52

32

30

6

4

51

31

31

7

electrical impedance control

1

50

33

17

4

50.5

32.25

0.639

16.5

4.5

2

51

32

16

5

3

51

32

16

5

4

50

32

17

4

  1. L1: Long diameter of coagulation zone; S1: Short diameter of coagulation zone; L2: Maximum length of carbonization zone; W2: Maximum width of carbonization zone; ML1: Mean long diameter of coagulation zone; MS1: Mean short diameter of coagulation zone; ML2: Mean maximum length of carbonization zone; MW2: Mean maximum width of carbonization zone.
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