Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline.

From: Intermittent theta burst stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex: no additional effect for virtual reality exposure therapy in acrophobia—a randomized trial

 

Sham TMS (n = 38)

Active TMS (n = 38)

Test statistic (p)

M (SD) or N (%)

M (SD) or N (%)

Age (years)

41.61 (11.86)

37.84 (11.82)

1.39 (.170)

Female

21 (55.26)

21 (55.26)

0.00 (1.000)

AQ

 Anxiety

52.17 (14.52)

53.29 (13.36)

− 0.35 (.729)

 Avoidance

33.69 (3.51)

33.17 (4.71)

0.55 (.585)

 ATHQ

37.92 (12.58)

36.18 (14.45)

689.00 (.732)

BAT (VR)

 STAI state

38.26 (8.05)

36.52 (7.28)

0.98 (.333)

 Max. distance

19.76 (18.30)

22.67 (19.47)

623.50 (.508)

 Max. anxiety

65.74 (21.06)

63.33 (23.78)

670.50 (.883)

 Presence

60.71 (25.99)

67.78 (27.70)

463.50 (.223)

BAT (in-vivo)

 STAI State

44.74 (12.40)

38.95 (11.12)

2.14 (.035*)

 Max. distance

8.39 (3.21)

9.31 (2.84)

612.50 (.228)

 Max. anxiety

58.68 (25.62)

61.22 (25.67)

654.00 (.602)

 ADS-K

5.14 (3.89)

5.21 (4.02)

720.00 (.983)

 ASI 3

17.65 (10.64)

17.08 (8.68)

0.26 (.797)

 STAI Trait

33.55 (6.05)

34.95 (8.09)

678.00 (.647)

 TAS

46.29 (20.48)

46.39 (22.07)

722.00 (1.000)

 Frequency of self-exposure until FU

55.26 (27.29)

53.92 (25.17)

680.50 (.810)

  1. Means and standard deviations or frequency and percent for each TMS group, as appropriate. Test statistics for independent t-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, or χ2, as appropriate, *p < .010.
  2. TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; AQ, Acrophobia Questionnaire; ATHQ, Attitudes Towards Heights Questionnaire; BAT, Behavioral Approach Task; VR, Virtual Reality; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; ADS-K, German short form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; ASI 3, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3; TAS, Tellegen’s Absorption Scale; FU, Follow-Up.
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