Table 3 Average trajectories in means and standard deviations for primary and secondary outcomes from baseline to post-assessment and follow-up.
Outcome | Sham TMS | Active TMS | Sham vs. Active TMS | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) or N (%) | Within ES | M (SD) or N (%) | Within ES | Between ES | Time | Time x TMS group | ||||||||||
BL | Post | FU | BL to Post | BL to FU | BL | Post | FU | BL to Post | BL to FU | Post | FU | F | p | F | p | |
AQ | ||||||||||||||||
Anxiety | 52.17 (14.52) | 38.63 (17.87) | 23.57 (12.66) | − 0.66 [− 1.12,− 0.20] | − 1.39 [− 1.89,− 0.89] | 53.29 (13.36) | 39.32 (15.02) | 28.54 (14.40) | − 0.68 [− 1.14,− 0.22] | − 1.20 [− 1.70,− 0.71] | 0.03 [− 0.42,0.49] | 0.05 [− 0.40,0.50] | 63.60 | < .001*** | 0.50 | .610 |
Avoidance | 33.69 (3.51) | 27.31 (4.24) | 24.11 (2.73) | − 1.08 [− 1.56,− 0.60] | − 1.69 [− 2.22,− 1.17] | 33.17 (4.71) | 27.56 (4.41) | 25.92 (3.99) | − 0.95 [− 1.43,− 0.47] | − 1.26 [− 1.76,− 0.76] | 0.05 [− 0.40,0.50] | 0.37 [− 0.08,0.83] | 82.11 | < .001*** | 1.79 | .169 |
ATHQ | 37.92 (12.58) | 26.84 (9.52) | 19.45 (9.84) | − 0.56 [− 1.02,− 0.10] | − 0.91 [− 1.39,− 0.44] | 36.18 (14.45) | 22.55 (11.33) | 21.46 (11.51) | − 0.72 [− 1.18,− 0.26] | − 0.82 [− 1.29,− 0.35] | − 0.19 [− 0.64,0.26] | 0.11 [− 0.34,0.56] | 28.39 | < .001*** | 0.87 | .420 |
ADS-K | 5.14 (3.89) | 3.95 (2.79) | 4.04 (2.93) | − 0.30 [− 0.75,0.15] | − 0.19 [− 0.64,0.26] | 5.21 (4.02) | 5.16 (3.81) | 5.49 (4.19) | 0.05 [− 0.40,0.50] | 0.17 [− 0.28,0.63] | 0.30 [− 0.15,0.76] | 0.30 [− 0.15,0.76] | 0.73 | .483 | 1.52 | .222 |
ASI-3 | 17.65 (10.64) | 14.34 (8.23) | 11.57 (6.06) | − 0.23 [− 0.68,0.22] | − 0.46 [− 0.92,− 0.01] | 17.08 (8.68) | 14.71 (8.64) | 12.67 (9.04) | − 0.17 [− 0.62,0.28] | − 0.27 [− 0.72,0.18] | 0.03 [− 0.42,0.48] | 0.16 [− 0.29,0.62] | 5.04 | .007* | 0.33 | .719 |
BAT (VR) | ||||||||||||||||
STAI State | 38.26 (8.05) | 29.97 (6.92) | 27.22 (4.96) | − 0.79 [− 1.27,− 0.32] | − 1.08 [− 1.57,− 0.60] | 36.52 (7.28) | 30.60 (8.48) | 28.36 (7.78) | − 0.57 [− 1.04,− 0.10] | − 0.81 [− 1.30,− 0.32] | 0.07 [− 0.39,0.52] | 0.13 [− 0.33,0.60] | 33.16 | < .001*** | 0.78 | .462 |
Max. Distance | 19.76 (18.30) | 32.61 (19.36) | 34.86 (18.89) | 0.41 [− 0.04,0.87] | 0.46 [0.00,0.92] | 22.67 (19.47) | 31.06 (18.12) | 37.29 (18.67) | 0.27 [− 0.20,0.73] | 0.41 [− 0.07,0.88] | − 0.04 [− 0.50,0.41] | 0.06 [− 0.41,0.52] | 8.66 | < .001*** | 0.19 | .824 |
Max. Anxiety | 65.74 (21.06) | 47.68 (24.45) | 34.11 (25.03) | − 0.37 [− 0.82,0.09] | − 0.59 [− 1.05,− 0.12] | 63.33 (23.78) | 55.61 (28.11) | 43.91 (30.17) | − 0.12 [− 0.58,0.34] | − 0.34 [− 0.81,0.13] | 0.21 [− 0.25,0.66] | 0.22 [− 0.25,0.69] | 7.96 | < .001*** | 0.60 | .551 |
BAT (in-vivo) | ||||||||||||||||
STAI State | 44.74 (12.40) | 31.63 (7.62) | 26.77 (5.48) | − 0.97 [− 1.45,− 0.49] | − 1.43 [− 1.96,− 0.91] | 38.95 (11.12) | 31.05 (8.19) | 26.69 (6.91) | − 0.64 [− 1.11,− 0.18] | − 1.04 [− 1.53,− 0.55] | − 0.05 [− 0.51,0.40] | − 0.01 [− 0.49,0.47] | 55.49 | < .001*** | 2.15 | .120 |
Max. Distance | 8.39 (3.21) | 10.39 (2.05) | 10.79 (1.64) | 0.52 [0.06,0.98] | 0.62 [0.14,1.11] | 9.31 (2.84) | 10.56 (2.26) | 10.77 (1.96) | 0.31 [− 0.15,0.77] | 0.35 [− 0.12,0.81] | 0.04 [− 0.42,0.50] | 0.00 [− 0.48,0.47] | 10.55 | < .001*** | 0.60 | .552 |
Max. Anxiety | 58.68 (25.62) | 41.58 (29.30) | 24.19 (21.37) | − 0.24 [− 0.69,0.21] | − 0.67 [− 1.15,− 0.18] | 61.22 (25.67) | 45.28 (26.59) | 28.16 (31.75) | − 0.29 [− 0.75,0.17] | − 0.47 [− 0.94,− 0.01] | 0.00 [− 0.45,0.46] | 0.21 [− 0.27,0.68] | 11.78 | < .001*** | 0.31 | .731 |
