Table 1 Approaches to determine \((T_{\textrm{c}} - T_{\textrm{a}})_{\textrm{UL}}\) (\(T_{dry}\)) and \((T_{\textrm{c}} - T_{\textrm{a}})_{\textrm{LL}}\) (\(T_{wet}\)).
Approach/Reference | \((T_{\textrm{c}} - T_{\textrm{a}})_{\textrm{UL}}\) (\(T_{dry}\)) determination procedure | \((T_{\textrm{c}} - T_{\textrm{a}})_{\textrm{LL}}\) (\(T_{wet}\)) determination procedure |
|---|---|---|
Vaseline and water spray49 | Temperature measured after covering the leaves with vaseline. | Temperature measured after spraying the leaves with a water-containing spray. |
Air temperature and water spray48 | Air temperature measured at a given moment +3 °C. | Temperature measured after spraying the leaves with a water-containing spray. |
Canopy temperature in severe conditions and water spray48 | Canopy temperature measured under severe water stress conditions. | Temperature measured after spraying the leaves with a water-containing spray. |
Air temperature and good hydration conditions48 | Air temperature measured at a given moment +3 °C. | Canopy temperature measured under good hydration conditions. |
3 °C rule and good hydration conditions48 | 3 °C. | Temperature difference between the air and well-watered canopy. |
Combined equations50 | Combination of equations that correlate \(T_{c} - T_{a}\) with the air VPD, net radiation, and both aerodynamic and crop resistances. | |
