Table 6 Smart fertilization, associated techniques and types of IoT sensors advisable for each case.

From: A technical survey on practical applications and guidelines for IoT sensors in precision agriculture and viticulture

App

Tech

NPK

pH

SECS 

WTS

STS

HSC

References

Smart Fertilization

Nutrient Content

\(\checkmark\)*

–

–

–

–

\(\checkmark\)**

100,101,103,104

Soil pH

–

–

\(\checkmark\)

–

–

–

103,104,107

Soil electrical conductivity

–

–

–

\(\checkmark\)

–

–

73,103,104,108,109

Soil Oxygen Content

–

–

–

–

–

\(\checkmark\)

120,121

Soil Temperature

–

–

–

–

\(\checkmark\)

–

73,103,104,108,109

  1. Cells symbols: \(\checkmark\), Advisable sensor; \(\checkmark\)*, Includes the capacity for quantifying N,P and K macronutrients; and \(\checkmark\)**, Includes the capacity for determining most of the macro and micronutrients of interest.
  2. Header acronyms: App, application; Tech, technique; HSC, Hyperspectral Camera; NPK, NPK Sensor; pH, pH sensor; SECS, Soil Electrical Conductivity Sensor; WTS, Waterproof Temperature Sensor; and STS, Soil Temperature Sensor
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