Table 7 Detection of pests and diseases, vegetation cover monitoring and mapping and climate indices monitoring applications, their techniques and type of IoT-capable sensors advisable for each case.

From: A technical survey on practical applications and guidelines for IoT sensors in precision agriculture and viticulture

App

Tech

SWCS

ATS

ARHS

WSaDS 

SRS

P

RGBC

MSC

HSC

Mic

WTS

References

DPD

Climate Monitoring

–

\(\checkmark\)

\(\checkmark\)

\(\checkmark\)

\(\checkmark\)

\(\checkmark\)

–

–

–

–

–

33,140,146

Cameras

–

–

–

–

–

–

\(\checkmark\)*

\(\checkmark\)**

\(\checkmark\)**

–

–

141,142

Microphones

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

\(\checkmark\)

–

143

VC

Cameras

–

–

–

–

–

–

\(\checkmark\)*

\(\checkmark\)**

\(\checkmark\)**

–

–

157,163,165

CIM

Bioclimatic Indices

\(\checkmark\)

\(\checkmark\)

\(\checkmark\)

\(\checkmark\)

\(\checkmark\)

\(\checkmark\)

–

–

–

–

–

33,175,177

Microclimatic Indices

–

\(\checkmark\)

–

–

\(\checkmark\)

–

–

–

–

–

\(\checkmark\)

176

  1. Cells symbols: \(\checkmark\) - Advisable sensor; \(\checkmark\)* - Sensors for visible manifestations; and \(\checkmark\)** - Continuous narrow-band and discrete wide-band sensors operating in ranges that typically extend beyond the EM’s visible interval to inspect spectral occurrences that cannot be detected at naked eye.
  2. Header acronyms: App, application; Tech, technique; SWCS, Soil water content sensor; ATS, Air Temperature Sensor; ARHS, Air Relative Humidity Sensor; WSaDS, Wind Speed and Direction Sensor; SRS, Solar Radiation Sensor; P, Pluviometer; RGBC , RGB Camera; MSC, Multispectral Camera; HSC, Hyperspectral Camera; Mic, Microphone; and WTS, Waterproof Temperature Sensor.
  3. Target tasks (bellow the “App” row of the header): DPD, Detection of pests and diseases; VC, Vegetation Cover Monitoring and Mapping; and CIM, Climate Indices Monitoring;
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