Fig. 3
From: Stability analysis of existing tunnels under dynamic loads during excavation of new tunnels

Schematic diagram of stress decomposition for surrounding rock. Note: R is the outer circle radius; r is the tunnel diameter.
From: Stability analysis of existing tunnels under dynamic loads during excavation of new tunnels
Schematic diagram of stress decomposition for surrounding rock. Note: R is the outer circle radius; r is the tunnel diameter.