Table 3 Optimization results of different algorithms for VMD parameters.

From: Fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on SSA-VMD and RCMDE

Model

[K,\(\alpha\)]

Fitness value

SSA-VMD

[4,684]

8.411369462

GWO-VMD

[5,685]

8.411369582

WOA-VMD

[4,686]

8.411369468