Fig. 2
From: Defining depth requirements to conserve fish assemblages from water take in an intermittent river

A generalized diagrammatic representation of our fourth-corner approach to species abundance and observation sub-models. The ecological model describes species traits interacting with environmental characteristics to determine the distribution of species abundance (N; i.e., Fourth-corner solution, Legendre et al.33). The observation model describes species traits, environmental characteristics, and sampling characteristics interacting to determine the species-specific capture probability, denoted as P, of a sample. The intersection of the ecological and observation models results in the observed catch and composition of species in a sample, i.e., data.