Table 2 Influencing factor system of BIM application in green buildings.

Technical factor

S₁

The maturity of BIM in green building performance analysis is insufficient

Due to technical limitations and lack of professional tools suitable for green building analysis, BIM software has not reached a fully mature level in the performance analysis of green buildings

S₂

Lack of interoperability and compatibility between BIM and green building design tools

There are interoperability and compatibility issues between BIM software and other software specifically designed for green building design, limiting the smoothness and efficiency of workflows

S₃

Local BIM core software for green buildings is lacking

The lack of BIM software in the market specifically tailored for the design and management of green buildings limits the potential and effectiveness of green building projects when applying BIM

Economic factor

S₄

Green building related BIM software is complex to operate

BIM software is not user-friendly for practitioners in terms of user interface design, operational logic and learning curve, increasing the cost of learning and use for users

S₅

The additional high cost of using BIM in green buildings

The introduction of BIM in green building projects may lead to increased initial investment

S₆

The investment returns from using BIM in green buildings are not obvious

In green building projects that implement BIM, the return on investment is not clear enough

S₇

The cost recovery cycle for BIM applications in green buildings is too long

In green building projects, due to the high initial investment in BIM, the cost recovery period may exceed the project’s expectations

Management factor

S₈

The compensation and incentive mechanism of BIM work in green buildings is insufficient

There is a lack of effective incentives and compensation mechanisms in green building projects to encourage project teams to adopt BIM

S₉

The BIM implementation and management system in green buildings is not perfect

There is a lack of a comprehensive BIM implementation and management framework for green building projects

S₁₀

Insufficient top management support for green building BIM applications

There is insufficient support from senior management of projects and enterprises for the application of BIM in green building projects

S₁₁

Education and training resources related to green building and BIM are lacking

There is a lack of professional training and educational resources for BIM applications in green buildings

Policy factor

S₁₂

Legal and policy support for BIM applications in green buildings is inadequate

Existing legal frameworks and policy measures do not provide adequate guidance and support in promoting the adoption of BIM in green building projects

S₁₃

The policy incentive mechanism of green building BIM application is not perfect

In the process of promoting BIM application in green buildings, there is a lack of effective policy incentives to encourage the active participation of various actors

Environmental factor

S₁₄

BIM standards and implementation guidelines for green buildings are lacking

The application of BIM in green building projects lacks clear and uniform operating standards and implementation guidance

S₁₅

The training of interdisciplinary talents related to green building and BIM is insufficient

There is a shortage of interdisciplinary talents with BIM and green building knowledge in the construction market

S₁₆

The delivery model of BIM in green building projects is not innovative enough

In green building projects, the traditional phased project delivery model cannot effectively play the advantages of BIM, affecting the potential of BIM in project planning, design, construction and operation and maintenance management