Fig. 6

Apoptosis induction by GQD-HA-Qu NCs. Flow cytometry results show a dose-dependent increase in apoptotic cells with GQD-HA-Qu NCs concentration, from 10 µg/mL (early: 8.21%, late: 11.6%) to 120 µg/mL (early: 15.4%, late: 49.5%), indicating significant induction of apoptosis as cell viability decreases.