Table 3 Synthesis of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives in the presence of bone char-nPrN-SO3H as catalyst under solvent-free conditions at 80 °C.

From: Highly efficient synthesis of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives over a robust biowaste bone char-Bronsted solid acid catalyst

Entry

R

x

Time (min)

Yield (%)

TON

TOF min− 1

1

H

O

12

91

227

1137

2

4-Cl

O

5

97

242

2921

3

4-NO2

O

15

93

232

930

4

2,4-Cl2

O

4

98

245

3712

5

4-(CH3)

O

25

90

225

548

6

2-Cl-

O

9

95

237

1583

7

4-Br

O

4

98

245

3712

8

H

S

30

96

245

490

9

4-Cl

S

20

95

237

719

10

4-NO3

S

38

90

225

357

11

2,4-Cl2

S

23

95

237

625

12

4-(CH3)

S

40

91

227

344

13

2-Cl

S

35

94

235

405

14

4-Br

S

17

93

232

830

  1. A mixture of aldehyde derivatives (1 mol), urea/thiourea (1.8 mol), malononitrile (1.2 mol) and bone char-nPrN-SO3H (0.4 mol%) were placed in a round-bottom flask in solvent-free conditions at 80 °C.
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