Table 1 A comparative overview of proposed antenna [P] and latest published mmWave antennas^{26,27,28,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39}.

Luo et al.²⁶

56.4\(\times\)43.6\(\times\)4

27

24–29.5

6-M

23

NR

80

8

Lai et al.²⁷

42\(\times\)18\(\times\)1.829

30

28.5–35.3

6-S

17

0.001

84.9

8

Ibrahim et al.²⁸

36.2\(\times\)36.2\(\times\)5

38

37.2–39.2

10-M

25

0.005

82

8

Singh and Pal³²

9.8\(\times\)38.64\(\times\)0.508

38

36.5–39.28

10-M

30

2.7\(\times 10^{-8}\)

90

4

Elalaouy et al.³³

6\(\times\)17.37\(\times\)0.8

36

34.1–39.7

6.7-S

65

0.00035

96

2

Tiwari et al.³⁴

22.5\(\times\)36\(\times\)0.508

27.1/29.5

24–31

6.1-S

25

0.003

80

2

Esmail and Koziel³⁵

26\(\times\)14\(\times\)0.762

27/38

27.1–28.8/ 35.2-38.9

6.5-M

47

0.2\(\times 10^{-4}\)

NR

2

Tiwari et al.³⁶

16\(\times\)12\(\times\)0.25

28/41.69

27.7–28.2/ 41.3–41.9

6.05-S

20

0.10

80

4

Ahmad et al.³⁷

16\(\times\)20\(\times\)0.79

28

23.4-33.6

5.65-S

20

0.24

86

4

Raheel et al.³⁸

16\(\times\)26\(\times\)0.254

28.5/33

26.2-34.2

7-M

30

0.001

85

2

Nasri et al.³⁹

31.8\(\times\)37.6\(\times\)0.508

29

21.8-29.1

5.76-M

18

0.004

96.5

4

[P]

(NA)

52\(\times\)52\(\times\)0.508

36.4-S 36.6-M

34.2-40.3-S 34.2-40-M

8.3-S 8.4- M

>38-S >40-M

0.005-P12 1.2\(\times 10^{-4}\)-P14

85.2

8/16