Table 1 Baseline characteristics of ICU survivors vs. non-survivors.

From: The Aachen ACLF ICU score predicts ICU mortality in critically ill patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

 

All patients

ICU survivors

ICU non-survivors

p value

Patients, n (%)

206 (100)

82 (39.8)

124 (60.2)

 

Characteristics

 Age [years], median (range)

56 (19–87)

54.8 (19–87)

56 (25–76)

0.596

 Male gender, n (%)

125 (60.7)

50 (60.9)

75 (60.5)

0.944

 HCC, yes (%)

17 (8.3)

8 (9.7)

9 (7.3)

0.524

 BMI [kg/m2], median (range)

28 (15.6–62.5)

27.7 (17.3–59.5)

28.3 (15.6–62.5)

0.431

Etiology

 Alcohol, n (%)

135 (65.5)

46 (56.1)

89 (71.8)

0.023

 Viral, n (%)

13 (6.3)

6 (7.3)

7 (5.6)

0.091

 MASLD, n (%)

19 (9.2)

11 (13.4)

8 (6.4)

0.629

ACLF grade

 Grade 1, n (%)

25 (12.1)

18 (22.0)

7 (5.6)

< 0.0001

 Grade 2, n (%)

64 (31.1)

37 (45.1)

27 (21.8)

< 0.0001

 Grade 3, n (%)

117 (56.8)

27 (32.9)

90 (72.6)

< 0.0001

Type of decompensation

 Ascites, n (%)

178 (86.4)

69 (84.1)

109 (87.9)

0.441

 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, n (%)

48 (23.3)

24 (29.3)

24 (19.4)

0.099

 Hepatic encephalopathy, n (%)

52 (25.2)

22 (26.8)

30 (24.2)

0.670

 Sepsis, n (%)

115 (55.8)

33 (40.2)

82 (66.1)

< 0.0001

Laboratory parameters

 Bilirubin [µmol/l], median (range)

157.53 (4.62–655.58)

131.87 (4.62–655.58)

174.63 (7.18–632.67)

0.004

 Creatinine [µmol/l], median (range)

235.15 (34.48–813.3)

222.77 (34.48–702.79)

245.76 (37.13–813.3)

0.339

 INR, median (range)

2.2 (1.03–6.39)

1.85 (1.03–3.60)

2.42 (1.06–6.39)

< 0.0001

 Blood gas analysis

 Lactate [mmol/l], median (range)

3.93 (0.6–18.0)

2.65 (0.6–12.1)

4.84 (0.6–18.0)

< 0.0001

ICU treatment data at admission

 Mechanical ventilation data

  Horovitz quotient [mmHg], median (range)

273.14 (49–623)

337.84 (94–623)

230.55 (49–519)

< 0.0001

  FiO2 [%], median (range)

40 (21–100)

29 (21–100)

47 (21–100)

< 0.0001

 Hemodynamic data

  Pharmacological hemodynamic support, yes, n (%)

163 (79.1)

52 (63.4)

111 (89.5)

< 0.0001

  TPTD, yes, n (%)

37 (17.9)

4 (4.8)

33 (26.6)

0.0001

Length of ICU treatment

 ICU days, median (range)

12.1 (1-178)

13.2 (1–178)

11.4 (1-106)

0.262

Outcome

 OLT, yes, n (%)

15 (7.3)

10 (12.2)

5 (4.0)

0.1043

 90-day mortality, n (%)

138 (66.9)

16 (19.5)

122 (98.4)

< 0.0001

 Overall mortality, n (%)

149 (72.3)

26 (31.7)

124 (100.0)

0.0001

 Survival [days], median (range)

328.3 (1–2285)

799.2 (5–2285)

13.4 (1–106)

< 0.0001

  1. Baseline characteristics at the time point of ICU admission. For quantitative variables median and range (in parentheses) are given. Significance between ICU survivors and ICU non-survivors was assessed using the unpaired Mann-Whitney U or chi-squared test, respectively. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; INR, international normalized ratio; TPTD, transpulmonary thermodilution.
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