Table 1 Characteristics of participants.

From: Association between urinary volatile organic compounds metabolites and rheumatoid arthritis among the adults from NHANES 2011–2018

Characteristic

Overall (n = 3390)

Non-arthritis (n = 3186)

Arthritis (n = 204)

p

Age

45.44 (16.86)

44.45 (16.63)

61.05 (12.12)

< 0.001

Gender (%)

    

Male

1908 (56.3)

1802 (56.6)

106 (52.0)

0.226

Female

1482 (43.7)

1384 (43.4)

98 (48.0)

 

Ethnicity (%)

    

Mexican American

492 (14.5)

462 (14.5)

30 (14.7)

0.003

Other Hispanic

367 (10.8)

348 (10.9)

19 (9.3)

 

Non-Hispanic White

1221 (36.0)

1147 (36.0)

74 (36.3)

 

Non-Hispanic Black

784 (23.1)

719 (22.6)

65 (31.9)

 

Other races

526 (15.5)

510 (16.0)

16 (7.8)

 

Education (%)

    

Less than high school

630 (18.6)

589 (18.5)

41 (20.1)

0.008

High school or equivalent

747 (22.0)

696 (21.8)

51 (25.0)

 

Some college

1064 (31.4)

988 (31.0)

76 (37.3)

 

College graduate or above

949 (28.0)

913 (28.7)

36 (17.6)

 

Alcoholic drinks (%)

    

No

576 (17.0)

515 (16.2)

61 (29.9)

< 0.001

Yes

2814 (83.0)

2671 (83.8)

143 (70.1)

 

Hypertension (%)

    

No

2397 (70.7)

2314 (72.6)

83 (40.7)

< 0.001

Yes

993 (29.3)

872 (27.4)

121 (59.3)

 

Diabetes (%)

    

No

3005 (88.6)

2861 (89.8)

144 (70.6)

< 0.001

Yes

385 (11.4)

325 (10.2)

60 (29.4)

 

Smoking (%)

    

No

1843 (54.4)

1759 (55.2)

84 (41.2)

< 0.001

Yes

1547 (45.6)

1427 (44.8)

120 (58.8)

 

Height (cm)

168.46 (9.67)

168.58 (9.65)

166.68 (9.80)

0.007

BMI (kg/m2)

28.92 (6.85)

28.82 (6.82)

30.43 (7.10)

0.001

Weight (kg)

82.34 (21.78)

82.19 (21.77)

84.76 (21.95)

0.102

ALB

43 (40–45)

43 (40–45)

41 (39–43)

< 0.001

ALT

20 (15–29)

20.05 (15–29)

20 (15.75-27)

0.158

AST

22 (18–27)

22 (18–27)

23 (18–27)

0.779

ALP

66 (54–80)

66 (53–80)

72 (59–88)

< 0.001

TB

10.26 (6.84–11.97)

10.26 (6.84–11.97)

8.55 (6.84–11.97)

0.043

Cr

68.95 (45.97–84.86)

68.95 (45.08–84.86)

72.04 (55.25–92.82)

0.007

BUN

5 (3.93–8.57)

5 (3.93–8.21)

5.71 (3.93–9.28)

0.737

GGT

26 (15-57.46)

26 (15-57.46)

27 (16.75–63.74)

0.096

  1. Continuous data were displayed as weighted means (standard errors). Categorical variables were exhibited as unweighted numbers. Non-normal distribution variables were exhibited as median (inter-quartile range).
  2. p < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
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