Table 5 Ceiling temperature profile models.

Delichatsios²⁹

\(\frac{{\Delta T}}{{\Delta {T_0}}}{\left( {\frac{w}{{2H}}} \right)^{1/3}}=0.49\exp \left[ { - 6.67St\frac{x}{H}{{\left( {\frac{w}{{2H}}} \right)}^{1/3}}} \right]\)

Evers and Waterhouse⁴³

\(\frac{{\Delta T}}{{\Delta {T_0}}}={K_1}\exp ( - {K_2}x)\)

Bailey et al.⁴⁴

\(\Delta T=\Delta {T_0}{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^{x/16.7}}\)

Hu et al.⁴⁵

\(\frac{{\Delta {T_x}}}{{\Delta {T_0}}}=\exp \left[ {b(x - {x_0})} \right]\)

Ji et al.⁴¹

\(\frac{{\Delta T{}_{x}}}{{\Delta T{}_{{max}}}}=A\exp \left( {B\frac{x}{H}} \right)+C\)

Ingason and Li⁴⁶, Gong et al.⁴⁷, Liu et al.²⁸

\(\frac{{\Delta T{}_{x}}}{{\Delta T{}_{{max}}}}={A_1}\exp \left( { - \frac{{x/w}}{{{a_1}}}} \right)+{A_2}\exp \left( { - \frac{{x/w}}{{{a_2}}}} \right)\)

Tian et al.⁴⁸

\(\frac{{\Delta T{}_{x}}}{{\Delta T{}_{{max}}}}=\exp (\xi {x^\eta })\)