Table 3 Comparison with the state of the art pain classification approaches.

From: Decoding of pain during heel lancing in human neonates with EEG signal and machine learning approach

Source

Classified states

Method

Accuracy

Vaart et al.24

Noxious VS. non-noxious

Heart rate, Oxygen saturation, EEG, Facial, HR, saturation

81%

ML van der Vaart4

Noxious VS. non-noxious

Behavioural and physiological (RR trace, EEG, etc.)

76%

84%

Nezam et al.12

3 Levels

Fractal dimension Shannon entropy approximate entropy spectral entropy

83%

Proposed method

No-pain VS. Pain

Kurtosis Shannon entropy power variance skewness

100%

Proposed method

3 Levels

Kurtosis Shannon entropy power variance skewness

84.2%