Table 3 Results of logistic multi-level regression models. Statistically significant coefficients are marked as *** \(p<0.001\), ** \(p<0.01\), * \(p<0.05\). Standard errors are displayed next the coefficients in parenthesis. The school denominations were translated from Dutch. Codes of the original variable from the CBS dataset INSCHRWPOTAB are displayed in square brackets. The reference category of denomination is Specialized non-denominational education [ABZ] (e.g., Montessori). Numerical variables were centered and z-scaled.

Intercept

−6.77 (0.09)***

−6.35 (0.28)***

−6.42 (0.25)***

log(Distance)

−0.12 (0.02)***

−0.30 (0.05)***

School size

−0.14 (0.18)

−0.13 (0.18)

Median income

−0.08 (0.11)

−0.06 (0.11)

School denomination:

Anthroposophic/Waldorf [ASF]

−0.90 (0.58)

−0.82 (0.71)

Evangelical [EVA]

1.00 (1.10)

1.24 (1.10)

Reformed (liberated) [GEV]

−0.76 (0.80)

−0.67 (0.77)

Inter-confessional [IC]

0.12 (1.01)

0.19 (0.98)

Islamic [ISL]

−2.81 (1.27)*

−2.66 (0.83)**

Non-denominational [OPB]

−0.49 (0.29)

−0.46 (0.28)

Protestant [PC]

−0.74 (0.32)*

−0.71 (0.32)*

Reformed Christian [REF]

−0.29 (0.57)

−0.23 (0.55)

Roman Catholic [RK]

−0.29 (0.29)

−0.25 (0.28)

Cooperative Catholic/Protestant [SPR]

0.07 (0.9)

0.16 (0.88)

AIC

71811.80

71772.55

71576.41

BIC

71850.01

71976.32

71805.65

Log Likelihood

−35902.90

−35870.28

−35770.20

Number observations

2,509,927

2,509,927

2,509,927

Number schools (within municipality)

312

312

312

Number municipalities

174

174

174

Decomposition of variance:

Individual (Random Intercept)

3.29

3.19

3.19

School (Random Intercept)

1.93

1.81

1.81

Municipality (Random Intercept)

0.25

0.13

0.13

Predictors

0.16

0.24

School:distance (Random Slope)

0.18

Covariance between school intercept and slope

0.04