Table 3 Effect of supplementation of Nano-NS on the immune organs (%), serum immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors (pg/mL) of broilers under high ambient temperature.

Item	Parameter	CON	AVI	Nano-NS₁	Nano-NS₂	Nano-NS₃	SEM	P-value
Immune organs	Bursa	2.75^b	2.68^b	2.73^b	2.99^ab	3.20^a	0.518	0.020
	Thymus	2.06^c	2.14^b	2.01^c	2.31^a	2.19^b	0.166	0.001
	Spleen	1.12	1.05	1.16	1.10	1.18	0.521	0.104
Immunoglobulin	IgM (ng/mL)	12.5	12.9	11.7	12.4	12.8	0.080	0.258
	IgA (ng/mL)	247^b	252^b	256^b	278^a	281^a	1.261	0.020
	IgG (µg/mL)	2.35^b	2.31^b	2.42^b	2.67^a	2.63^a	0.013	0.011
Inflammatory factors	IL-10	37.9	34.0	35.2	36.5	40.1	0.064	0.055
	IL-6	88.6^a	75.5^b	76.2^b	69.1^c	62.3^c	1.825	0.001
	TNF-α	247^a	240^a	225^b	192^c	188^c	0.331	< 0.001

^a–c Means with different superscripts within the same row differ significantly (P < 0.05); SEM standard error of means; CON; basal diet without added, AVI; basal diet with avilamycin, Nano-NS1; basal diet with 30 mg/kg Nigella Sativa Nanoparticles, Nano-NS2; basal diet with 40 mg/kg Nigella Sativa Nanoparticles, Nano-NS3; basal diet with 50 mg/kg Nigella Sativa Nanoparticles, IL-10; interleukin-10, IL-6; interleukin-6, TNF-α; tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

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