Table 5 Comparison of Iliocostalis muscle in each application. Information (origin and insertion) is quoted from each application.

From: Systematic analysis of anatomy virtual reality (VR) apps for advanced education and further applications

Everyday Anatomy VR & 3D Organon VR Anatomy

Anatomy Explorer 2020

Human Anatomy VR

The iliocostalis muscle is not separated into several parts and expressed as one single model (even in its morphology)

The morphology around the pelvic part is different from the actual cadaver

Different from the actual cadaver, the tendon reaching the rib is expressed as very short

The model is not separated into several parts, but the morphology is expressed into three parts (lumborum, thoracis, cervicis)

The morphology around the pelvic part is similar to the actual cadaver

Different from the actual cadaver, the tendon reaching the rib is expressed as very short

Compared to the actual cadaver, those three parts are too far apart from each other

Iliocostalis lumborum, Iliocostalis thoracis, Iliocostalis cervicis are separately expressed as three models

The morphology around the pelvic part is similar to the actual cadaver

Different from the actual cadaver, the tendon reaching the rib is expressed as very short

Compared to the actual cadaver, those three parts are too far apart from each other

Iliocostalis muscle

Iliocostalis muscle

See Table 6

Origin

5 ~ 12 rib, Medial iliac crest, Posterior sacral crest

Origin

Common tendinous origin

Insertion

Transverse process of C4 ~ C6,

The costal angle of 1 ~ 12 ribs,

Thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion

The costal angle of rib,

Transverse process of the cervical spine