Table 1 Muscle orientations and directions derived by means of delineation of the patient’s MRI.

From: A non-metallic PEEK topology optimization reconstruction implant for large mandibular continuity defects, validated using the MANDYBILATOR apparatus

  1. The muscle forces were taken from the literature23. The three-dimensional force vectors were broken down into x, y and z components for both lateralities of the masseter superficialis (MS) and masseter profunda (MP), pterygoideus medialis (PM) and temporalis- anterior (TA), middle (TM) and posterior (TP) muscles. The Frankfurt horizontal plane (FHP) functioned as the x–z plane with its positive x-axis pointing towards the left condyle, the positive y-axis pointing cranially and the positive z-axis pointing ventrally. The origin of the coordinate system was set where the mid-sagittal plane coincided with the FHP.
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