Table 1 Mean (SD) changes in navicular drop and the thickness of selected muscles from baseline to follow-ups at 6th and 12th weeks.
Variable | Group | Initial | 6th week | 12th week | P and % Change Initial to 6 weeks | P and % Change Initial to 12 weeks | P and % Change 6 weeks to 12 weeks | Interaction effect | Test time effect | Group effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flexor digitorum longus (cm) | Intrinsic | 1.27 ± 0.44 | 1.08 ± 0.49 | 1.23 ± 0.61 | P = 0.172 -15% | P = 1.00 -3% | P = 1.00 14% | F = 7.215 P = 0.002* | F = 2.31 P = 0.112 | F = 2.58 P = 0.124 |
Extrinsic | 1.42 ± 0.40 | 1.79 ± 0.52 | 1.21 ± 0.49 | P < 0.001 26% | P = 0.648 -15% | P < 0.001 -32% | ||||
Flexor digitorum brevis (cm) | Intrinsic | 0.72 ± 0.23 | 0.71 ± 0.34 | 0.78 ± 0.33 | P = 1.00 -2% | P = 1.00 8% | P = 1.00 9% | F = 4.47 P = 0.018* | F = 10.026 P = 0.001* | F = 0.082 P = 0.778 |
Extrinsic | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.55 ± 0.17 | 0.90 ± 0.36 | P = 0.009 -17% | P = 0.022 35% | P < 0.001 63% | ||||
Abductor hallucis (cm) | Intrinsic | 0.81 ± 0.24 | 0.93 ± 0.37 | 0.94 ± 0.38 | P = 0.309 14% | P = 0.83 16% | P = 1.00 1% | F = 4.865 P = 0.013* | F = 6.125 P = 0.005* | F = 1.711 P = 0.206 |
Extrinsic | 0.73 ± 0.23 | 0.58 ± 0.14 | 0.95 ± 0.36 | P = 0.079 -21% | P = 0.13 30% | P < 0.001 64% | ||||
Tibialis anterior (cm) | Intrinsic | 1.87 ± 0.41 | 1.74 ± 0.44 | 2.06 ± 0.58 | P = 0.78 -7% | P = 0.47 10% | P = 0.012 19% | F = 5.156 P = 0.010* | F = 6.314 P = 0.004* | F = 3.714 P = 0.068 |
Extrinsic | 1.94 ± 0.29 | 2.30 ± 0.37 | 2.29 ± 0.34 | P = 0.006 19% | P = 0.022 18% | P = 1.00 -0.2% | ||||
Tibialis posterior (cm) | Intrinsic | 2.08 ± 0.31 | 1.92 ± 0.39 | 2.29 ± 0.54 | P = 0.79 -7% | P = 0.35 10% | P = 0.005 19% | F = 3.914 P = 0.028* | F = 3.324 P = 0.046* | F = 0.273 P = 0.607 |
Extrinsic | 2.03 ± 0.31 | 2.27 ± 0.44 | 2.22 ± 0.45 | P = 0.21 12% | P = 0.36 9% | P = 1.00 -2% | ||||
Navicular Drop (cm) | Intrinsic | 1.54 ± 0.45 | 1.12 ± 0.33 | 0.81 ± 0.26 | P < 0.001 -27% | P < 0.001 -47% | P = 0.003 -27% | F = 0.238 P = 0.789 | F = 55.651 P˂0.001* | F = 0.769 P = 0.391 |
Extrinsic | 1.64 ± 0.58 | 1.25 ± 0.40 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | P < 0.001 -24% | P < 0.001 -39% | P = 0.01 -20% |
