Table 3 Baseline levels of 12 biomarkers of patients with lupus nephritis based on treatment response.

From: Exploring potential multiple molecular biomarkers that predict treatment response in patients with lupus nephritis

Variable*

Total (N = 66)

Responders (N = 50)

Non-responders (N = 16)

p-value

Serum

 MCP-1 (pg/ml)

389.1 (272.1, 566.5)

382.0 (253.4, 560.2)

389.1 (345.7, 547.2)

0.37

 IP-10 (pg/ml)

61.1 (36.7, 142.1)

64.7 (37.0, 144.4)

54.0 (34.1, 124.7)

0.61

 IFN-γ (pg/ml)

1.5 (0.9, 1.5)

1.5 (0.9, 1.5)

1.2 (0.9, 1.8)

0.80

 IL-6 (pg/ml)

1.8 (0.8, 4.6)

2.0 (0.8, 6.4)

1.2 (0.1, 2.7)

0.18

 IL-16 (pg/ml)

111.0 (77.9, 168.9)

99.9 (75.8, 178.1)

132.5 (102.8, 155.7)

0.34

 IL-17 (pg/ml)

1.1 (0.4, 3.4)

1.1 (0.4, 3.4)

1.1 (0.4, 2.7)

0.91

 IL-23 (pg/ml)

259.3 (185.1, 446.1)

270.7 (185.1, 528.0)

259.3 (194.8, 374.3)

0.76

 TNF-RII (ng/ml)

4.4 (3.0, 6.3)

4.4 (2.9, 6.3)

4.5 (3.1, 6.5)

0.68

 VCAM-1 (ng/ml)

1966.5 (1094.9, 2454.0)

1727.1 (1083.5, 2442.0)

2262.3 (1232.9, 2402.1)

0.33

 RBP4 (µg/ml)

31.3 (17.7, 52.4)

26.8 (17.3, 51.2)

42.0 (30.4, 81.0)

0.09

 VDBP (µg/ml)

250.5 (112.7, 200.8)

88.0 (64.8, 200.8)

130.3 (71.8, 253.3)

0.33

 NGAL (ng/ml)

16.6 (11.8, 23.1)

15.8 (11.8, 22.6)

20.4 (13.0, 26.2)

0.47

Urine

 MCP-1 (pg/mg creatinine)

480.7 (282.4, 853.5)

519.3 (277.4, 867.8)

368.4 (288.5, 788.9)

0.44

 IP-10 (pg/mg creatinine)

31.6 (21.7, 54.6)

32.6 (24.6, 55.7)

24.5 (15.8, 47.3)

0.24

 IFN-γ (pg/mg creatinine)

30.4 (17.9, 45.1)

31.1 (20.0, 53.0)

25.8 (17.1, 43.7)

0.52

 IL-6 (pg/mg creatinine)

8.6 (5.1, 14.6)

11.4 (5.4, 19.6)

6.6 (5.0, 9.0)

0.14

 IL-16 (pg/mg creatinine)

107.1 (63.8, 160.2)

112.1 (62.8, 166.0)

81.3 (64.3, 128.6)

0.32

 IL-17 (pg/mg creatinine)

10.2 (4.9, 20.6)

12.8 (5.8, 20.8)

4.6 (3.6, 12.0)

0.02

 IL-23 (pg/mg creatinine)

694.8 (458.3, 1053.7)

775.9 (504.3, 1099.9)

589.5 (400.2, 766.6)

0.12

 TNF-RII (ng/mg creatinine)

12.9 (6.3, 24.0)

12.3 (6.4, 22.4)

14.9 (5.9, 26.1)

0.75

 VCAM-1 (ng/mg creatinine)

13.3 (8.8, 19.3)

13.7 (9.3, 19.6)

9.5 (7.0, 16.7)

0.12

 RBP4 (ng/mg creatinine)

203.2 (122.0, 1052.7)

195.0 (129.5, 755.4)

237.1 (113.3, 1304.7)

0.98

 VDBP (ng/mg creatinine)

263.1 (90.6, 764.5)

263.1 (84.9, 749.9)

293.9 (91.5, 828.6)

0.89

 NGAL (ng/mg creatinine)

18.3 (11.8, 27.2)

18.6 (12.4, 27.1)

16.0 (6.1, 28.0)

0.29

  1. MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IP-10 interferon-gamma inducible protein-10, IFN-γ interferon-gamma, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-16 interleukin-16, IL-17 interleukin-17, IL-23 interleukin-23, TNF-RII tumor necrosis factor receptor II, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, RBP4 retinol binding protein 4, VDBP vitamin D binding protein, NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
  2. *Values are the median (Q1, Q3) unless otherwise indicated.
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