Table 2 Molecular DRs of PAHs for different source categories.
Diagnostic ratio | Value range | Source | References |
|---|---|---|---|
IP/(IP+BgP) | \(< 0.20\) | Petrogenic | |
\(> 0.20\) | Pyrogenic | ||
0.20-0.50 | Petroleum combustion | ||
\(> 0.50\) | Coal, grass, and wood combustion | ||
0.48-0.58 | Biomass burning | ||
0.35-0.70 | Diesel vehicles | ||
\(< 0.20\) | Gasoline vehicles | ||
BaA/(BaA+CRY) | \(< 0.20\) | Petrogenic | |
0.20-0.35 | Coal combustion | ||
\(> 0.35\) | Pyrogenic, vehicle emissions | ||
\(< 0.2\) | Diesel vehicles | ||
0.2-0.35 | Gasoline vehicles | ||
\(> 0.5\) | Biomass burning | ||
FLA/(FLA+PYR) | \(< 0.40\) | Petrogenic | |
\(> 0.40\) | Pyrogenic | ||
0.40-0.50 | Fossil fuel combustion/vehicular emissions | ||
\(> 0.50\) | Diesel emissions | ||
\(> 0.50\) | Biomass/coal combustion | ||
\(> 0.35\) | Petroleum combustion | ||
0.43-0.58 | Biomass burning | ||
0.6-0.70 | Diesel vehicles | ||
\(< 0.5\) | Gasoline vehicles | ||
ANT/(ANT+PHE) | \(< 0.1\) | Petrogenic | |
\(> 0.1\) | Pyrogenic | ||
BbF/BkF | \(> 0.5\) | Diesel emissions | |
2.5-2.9 | Aluminum smelter emissions | ||
BaP/BgP | 0.5-0.6 | Traffic emissions | |
\(< 0.6\) | Non-traffic emissions | ||
\(> 0.6\) | Traffic emissions | ||
1N-PYR/PYR | 0.36 | Vehicle exhaust | |
0.001 | Coal combustion | ||
9N-ANT/1N-PYR | \(> 10\) | Wood combustion | |
\(< 10\) | Motor vehicle exhaust | ||
3N-FLA/1N-PYR | \(> 5\) | Secondary formation | |
\(< 10\) | Primary formation |
