Correction to: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58714-3, published online 05 April 2024

The original version of this Article contained errors.

A citation to Reference 3 was omitted from the legend of Figure 2.

“The friction stir processing: (a) experimental setup, (b) schematic of the process, and (c) FSP tool.”

now reads:

“The friction stir processing: (a) experimental setup, (b) schematic of the process, adapted under license from3 and (c) FSP tool.”

Furthermore, a reference was omitted from the legend of Figure 4. The reference is listed below as Reference 39:

39. Sekban, D.M., Aktarer, S.M. & Purcek, G. Friction Stir Welding of Low-Carbon Shipbuilding Steel Plates: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior. Metall Mater Trans A50, 4127–4140 (2019).

As a result, the legend of Figure 4,

“Schematics illustration of sample locations for determining surface roughness, surface topography, microstructure, and microhardness.”

now reads:

“Schematics illustration of sample locations for determining surface roughness, surface topography, microstructure, and microhardness. Adapted under license from39.”

All subsequent references have been renumbered.

The original Article has been corrected.