Fig. 2

Illustration of the frequency distribution of concrete pile parameters (a) L, (b) D, (c) Qi, (d) T, (e) Su, (f) PI, (g) qv, and (h) Qu Fig. 2 depicts that each variable has an excellent bell-shaped distribution curve, presenting a good range of concrete pile parameters. Hence, the distance correlation coefficient method has been used to map the relationship among the L, D, Qi, T, Su, Pi, qv, and Qu variables, as shown in Fig. 3.