Fig. 8

Scanning electron micrographs of (a-b) pit membranes in (a) raw pretreated walnut shells and (b) untreated walnut shell biochars pyrolysed at 450 °C; (c-d) the apoplast in untreated walnut shell biochars pyrolysed at (c) 350 °C and (d) 450 °C; and (e-f) cell walls in (e) raw untreated walnut shells and (f) pretreated walnut shell biochars pyrolysed at 250 °C.