Fig. 5

Alterations in BBB permeability following antagonist administration. (a) Representative images of Evans blue dye leakage in each group. (b) Optical density of Evans blue dye in the sonicated area after LiFUS in each group. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; compared to 1 h (c) Western blot results for the P₂ X₇ receptor. The bar graph shows the normalized level of the receptor relative to that of control. Band intensity images for each group are included. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; compared to 1 h. (d) Western blot result for ZO-1. The analysis method employed for the ZO-1 was the same as that for the P₂ X₇ receptor. No statistical differences were observed among the groups. All data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 3–5). * p < 0.05; compared to 1 h. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed.