Fig. 1

Overview of datasets used in this study of Palau, Micronesia. (a) Survey records of coral bleaching since 2003 (points coloured by severity) are shown across Palau, highlighting areas of land (grey), outer reef (black), and the region (blue box, c) where in situ temperature loggers were deployed. (b) Annual maxima of warm-season accumulated heat stress is shown for CoralTemp v3.1 (blue, since 1998, ~ 5 km grid) and MUR v4.1 (red, since 2003, ~ 1 km grid) as Palau-wide medians (points and lines) and ranges (ribbon). For the 2010 marine heatwave which led to mass coral bleaching and for all SST pixels containing coral reef, the warm-season (June–September) mean SST (d) and standard deviation of daily SSTs (e) are shown based on the lower resolution CoralTemp v3.1 (left, ~ 5 km grid) and the higher resolution MUR v4.1 (right, ~ 1 km grid). Note the fine scale of mean temperatures (d) and temperature variability (e).