Fig. 4
(A) Exploratory Principal Component Analysis (PCA) computed in Adegenet and performed using the 39-STR genotypes of 55 Historical Italian wolves HWIT (dark blue dots), 56 Contemporary Italian wolves CWIT (light blue dots), 175 reference Italian wolves (WIT, blue dots), 89 Italian dogs (DIT, red dots). The first component PC-I explains 56.40% of the total genetic variability and clearly separates the Italian wolf population from domestic dogs, while the second component PC-II which explains 10.91% of the total genetic variability, describes the genetic variability observed within these latter. (B) Bar plotting of the individual qi-values obtained through Bayesian model-based clustering procedures implemented in Structure and performed using the 39-STR genotypes of 55 HWIT, 56 CWIT and, as reference populations, the 39-STR genotypes of 175 Italian wolves (WIT) and 89 dogs (DIT). Each individual is represented by a vertical line partitioned into coloured segments, whose length is proportional to the individual coefficients of membership (qi) to the wolf and dog clusters inferred assuming K = 2 clusters and using the ‘‘Admixture’’ and ‘‘Independent allele frequencies’’ models.
