Fig. 5
The effect of ZnPc-PDT on HUVEC migration toward VEGF-containing medium was evaluated using transwell. (a) After 24 h post-PDT with ZnPcs, the migrated cells were stained with Calcein AM. (b) The number of migrated cells was quantified after 24 h. The migration of HUVECs was significantly stimulated by the presence of VEGF as a chemoattractant, while the number of migrated cells was substantially reduced in the absence of VEGF. Both ZnPcs demonstrated an inhibitory effect on migration in a dose-dependent manner, with ZnPc1 exhibiting significantly greater inhibition than ZnPc2. Notably, at higher concentrations, ZnPc1 completely blocked HUVEC migration. Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). Scale bar: 200 μm.
