Fig. 8
The effect of ZnPc-PDT on HUVEC tube formation was assessed following treatment with ZnPcs and subsequent PDT. Tubular structures, defined as networks of cells forming junctions and elongations resembling capillary-like structures, were monitored at 5 and 24 h using phase-contrast microscopy. In the untreated control, HUVECs reorganized into tubular-like formations after 5 h, and complete lumen structures were observed by 24 h, indicating angiogenesis process. ZnPc treatment inhibited tube formation in a dose-dependent manner, with ZnPc1 exhibiting a greater inhibitory effect than ZnPc2. Even at lower concentrations, ZnPc1 significantly suppressed tube formation. Scale bar: 200 μm.
