Fig. 1

(A) Environmental sampling at markets and abattoirs was conducted in Cameroon, located in West Africa. (B) Sampling locations across Cameroon were selected to represent the different agroecological zones present in the country. A = Douala, B = Foumban, C = Bertoua, D = Ngaoundere, E = Garoua, F = Maroua. At each site, samples were collected from livestock markets and abattoirs, with the exception of Foumban (market only) and Maroua (abattoir only). All samples were transported to and stored at the Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea (*) after collection.